Why can’t I sleep?
Things that could cause a negative impact are:
- difficult life events or stress caused by things such as financial pressure, work demands or unemployment, and relationship issues
- upcoming events you may be excited or nervous about
- how much exercise you had that day
- your diet, including alcohol, caffeine and nicotine intake
- a noisy, hot or disruptive environment in the night
- physical discomfort or pain caused by injury or illness
pregnancy and caring responsibilities
- shift work
- menopause and ageing
- mental health conditions
- sleep disorders such as sleep apnoea
Benefits of sleep
Good sleep supports both your mental and physical health. There is no magic number for how many hours of sleep you should get. Most adults need about 7 to 9 hours every night but it varies from person to person.
When you get the amount of sleep your body needs, it can help you to:
- improve your mood
- manage stress
- retain memories
- think more quickly and clearly
- feel energised
- stay physically healthy thanks to a strengthened immune system
- recover from and prevent injuries.
Signs of poor sleep
When you are trying to sleep
- difficulty in getting to sleep (30 mins or more)
- waking frequently during the night
- waking very early in the morning and being unable to get back to sleep.
achieving less sleep than you need to feel rested
During the day
- feeling tired, flat or exhausted
- difficulty managing your emotions
- poor concentration
- irritability or increased sensitivity
- aches and pains
- feeling run down.
Learn about sleep disorders and insomnia.
Increased anxiety at night
Signs you may be experiencing heightened anxiety at night include:
- finding it difficult to calm down
- feeling unable to control your anxious thoughts or worries
- catastrophic thinking, or dwelling on every possible negative outcome, including the negative impacts of not getting enough sleep
- physical restlessness and fidgeting
- tightness in the chest and shortness of breath.
Learn about the treatments for anxiety.
How to improve your sleep
Tips for a good night’s sleep
There are many techniques you can try to achieve better sleep.
1. Regular physical activity
Being active throughout the day can help tire your body to prepare it for sleep. Although make sure to leave 1-2 hours between exercise and bedtime to allow your body to wind down.
Find more information and tips on staying active
2. Morning sunlight to set your body clock
Sun exposure in the morning, and dim lights in the evening, can help align our body clocks to the day-night cycle. This helps us to feel alert during the day and sleepy at night.
3. Limit naps
Taking naps outside your normal sleep hours can disrupt your sleep routine and make it harder to go to sleep when you need to.
4. Reduce caffeine, alcohol and smoking before bed
Stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine can keep your body and mind alert up to seven hours after they're consumed. Alcohol may send you off to sleep faster but can reduce the quality of sleep you have and lead to disruptive sleep.
5. Allow yourself to wind down
Give your body and mind a chance to relax. In the 1-2 hours before bed, unwind through a calming activity like reading, watching TV, or having a bath – whatever works for you.
6. Be consistent with your bedtime
Going to bed at a similar time each night reinforces to your body that it's time to wind down.
7. Set a digital curfew
Avoid screens by turning your phone off or on 'do not disturb' at least 30 minutes before going to sleep. Consider leaving your device in another room. Screen light and apps are designed to trigger hormones in your brain that keep you alert, as can engaging online content.
Learn about routines and mental health
8. Make your bedroom your sanctuary
Keeping your bedroom quiet, dark and cool will create a healthy sleeping environment. Remove televisions from the bedroom so you're not spending time in bed awake.
9. Leave your worries out of the bedroom
If you find you're overthinking things, it may help to write down the thoughts you're experiencing to get them out of your head. Make a time to revisit them the next day so you know they will be dealt with, but not when you’re trying to sleep.
10. Get out of bed if you can’t sleep
If you’ve been trying to sleep for 30 minutes, but don’t feel sleepy, get up and do a relaxing activity. Try to avoid looking at your phone or watching TV. Go back to bed once you’re feeling sleepy again.
11. Try not to watch the clock
Taking clocks out of the room can help reduce your stress. It’s will prevent the counting down of hours until morning, adding to your anxiety. It can help to remind yourself that you’ve managed on poor sleep before. This can also help you relax which makes sleep more likely.
Sleep meditation and mindfulness exercises
Sleep meditation, mindfulness and breathing techniques can help you fall asleep faster by calming racing thoughts, letting go of daily stress and easing you into sleep.
Explore guided breathing and relaxation exercises
Seek professional support
If you are experiencing ongoing trouble getting to, or staying asleep, support from a health professional can help. Visiting your GP can be a good place to start, or you can check out the list of mental health professionals on our website.
Find a mental health professional
Sleep and anxiety or depression
Struggling to fall asleep, difficulty staying asleep and oversleeping can also be symptoms of anxiety or depression.
- Anxiety can make it difficult to calm down, can cause you to feel more tired than usual and is a known cause of sleep disturbances.
- Depression can cause you to feel constantly tired and can also lead to oversleeping.
Take the K10 test.
Supporting someone else
Find tips on talking to someone you're worried about.
